Pipeline - Thrasos

In its design and research phase, Thrasos developed a rich portfolio of proprietary compounds that act on the BMP signaling pathway. The Company initially discovered a number of peptides that activate the cell and tissue repair and regeneration activities of BMP without stimulating bone growth, and two candidates were selected for the kidney disease indications. Future opportunities for which the Company's compounds have shown promise are the repair of cartilage, treatment of breast and prostate cancer and the treatment of obesity through the control of the brown fat/white fat cell ratio.

The current development status of the Thrasos portfolio is summarized below:

Both AKI and CKD are significant health problems that carry extensive costs. AKI is the temporary loss of renal function that can occur following cardiac and/or vascular surgery, inflammatory disease, trauma or the administration of contrast dye for imaging. Millions of patients receiving cardiac and vascular surgery as well as medical imaging are at risk of AKI. Approximately one million AKI patients are diagnosed each year in the United States, all of whom experience some permanent loss of kidney function. Even more significant is that over 140,000 of these AKI patients progress to multi-organ failure and in-hospital dialysis, and experience a 60-70% risk of mortality. Survivors of severe AKI also risk progressing to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and permanent dialysis. There are currently no drug therapies available for AKI and the prevention and treatment of this severe indication represents an unmet medical need worth $6.3 billion in the United States.

CKD is a progressive, fibrotic disease of the kidney that leads to permanent loss of function. It is prevalent in at least six million patients in the United States and over 15 million worldwide. Ultimately, it can lead to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), requiring chronic dialysis. CKD primarily affects diabetic and hypertensive patients and its prevalence is increasing as the population both ages and continues to suffer from poor diet and reduced activity levels that result in overall weight increases. Treatment for the CKD patient is focused on improving diet and the chronic administration of ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). No current therapy has been shown to prevent or reverse the fibrotic process and there is a significant need for new drugs to treat these patients. Activation of the BMP pathway has been shown to offer significant potential for reducing and reversing the progression of fibrosis and in preclinical models, Thrasos' compounds have demonstrated significant benefit both as stand-alone therapies or for use in combination with current treatments. The commercial potential for these compounds exceeds $15 billion annually.


	Overview	In its design and research phase, Thrasos developed a rich portfolio of proprietary compounds that act on the BMP signaling pathway. The Company initially discovered a number of peptides that activate the cell and tissue repair and regeneration activities of BMP without stimulating bone growth, and two candidates were selected for the kidney disease indications. Future opportunities for which the Company's compounds have shown promise are the repair of cartilage, treatment of breast and prostate cancer and the treatment of obesity through the control of the brown fat/white fat cell ratio. The current development status of the Thrasos portfolio is summarized below: Both AKI and CKD are significant health problems that carry extensive costs. AKI is the temporary loss of renal function that can occur following cardiac and/or vascular surgery, inflammatory disease, trauma or the administration of contrast dye for imaging. Millions of patients receiving cardiac and vascular surgery as well as medical imaging are at risk of AKI. Approximately one million AKI patients are diagnosed each year in the United States, all of whom experience some permanent loss of kidney function. Even more significant is that over 140,000 of these AKI patients progress to multi-organ failure and in-hospital dialysis, and experience a 60-70% risk of mortality. Survivors of severe AKI also risk progressing to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and permanent dialysis. There are currently no drug therapies available for AKI and the prevention and treatment of this severe indication represents an unmet medical need worth $6.3 billion in the United States. CKD is a progressive, fibrotic disease of the kidney that leads to permanent loss of function. It is prevalent in at least six million patients in the United States and over 15 million worldwide. Ultimately, it can lead to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), requiring chronic dialysis. CKD primarily affects diabetic and hypertensive patients and its prevalence is increasing as the population both ages and continues to suffer from poor diet and reduced activity levels that result in overall weight increases. Treatment for the CKD patient is focused on improving diet and the chronic administration of ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). No current therapy has been shown to prevent or reverse the fibrotic process and there is a significant need for new drugs to treat these patients. Activation of the BMP pathway has been shown to offer significant potential for reducing and reversing the progression of fibrosis and in preclinical models, Thrasos' compounds have demonstrated significant benefit both as stand-alone therapies or for use in combination with current treatments. The commercial potential for these compounds exceeds $15 billion annually.